How is canine influenza transmitted?

Canine influenza spreads via respiratory droplets or aerosols. This means the virus can move from infected dogs to healthy ones through:

• Direct contact, such as licking or nose-to-nose touching

• Coughing, barking, and sneezing

• Contaminated items like food and water bowls, toys, kennel surfaces, collars, or leashes

• Skin and clothing of people who have interacted with infected dogs

Places where dogs interact with others, such as animal shelters, boarding facilities, dog daycares, dog parks, and dog shows or competitions, heighten the risk of canine influenza, especially during an outbreak in the area.

Infected dogs can be contagious even if they appear healthy and may spread the virus for up to four weeks after initial exposure. The virus can survive on surfaces for up to 48 hours, on clothing for 24 hours, and on hands for 12 hours, but it is easily eliminated by common disinfectants. Strict biosecurity and disinfection measures can lower the risk of disease transmission.